Not directly, no. Search engines don't differentiate based on domain names and TLDs (extension).
Having said that, for businesses that have no reason to exist globally, for example your local antique shop that has no branches outside of a particular locality, country specific or even city specific TLDs appear to the users as more focused and targeted than global generic domain TLDs like .com, .net etc.
And because search engines try to figure out what the users want, anything that may positively reflect on the users are likely to reflect on the search engines as well.
Then again, even the generic domains can easily replicate this advantage of country specific TLDs (e.g. example.co.uk) using URL subdirectories (e.g. example.com/uk) or with subdomains (uk.example.com). So it more depends on the implementation of the websites than anything else really.